OSTEOPOROSIS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and disruption of the microarchitecture of bone tissue, which increases the risk of fractures. Physical activity plays a critical role in the prevention and management of osteoporosis. Regular physical activity has been associated with many health benefits, such as increased bone mineral density and reduced fracture risk. This review provides information on the importance of various types of exercise on bone health by reviewing the literature on the effects of physical activity on osteoporosis. The importance of physical activity in maintaining bone health is highlighted by its role in stimulating bone formation and mineralization. Exercise increases osteoblast activity and bone formation by applying mechanical stress to bones, which increases bone strength. In contrast, reduced physical activity can lead to bone loss and increased risk of fractures. Different types of exercise, such as aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, balance and proprioceptive exercises, have been shown to improve bone health in people with osteoporosis. Aerobic exercises reduce the risk of fractures by stimulating bone formation and mineralization. Resistance exercises increase muscle mass and improve bone strength. Balance and proprioceptive exercises prevent falls and improve quality of life. However, caution should be exercised as some high-impact or high-risk exercises may increase the risk of fractures. Individualized exercise programs should be designed taking into account the individual's age, gender, bone health status and other health factors. In addition, exercises should be accompanied by a trained specialist to ensure that they are performed safely and effectively. In conclusion, physical activity is an important component in the prevention and management of osteoporosis. Individualized exercise programs improve bone health, reduce fracture risk and improve the quality of life of individuals with osteoporosis.