The Economıc Structure Of The Football Industry and The Dynamıcs Of Fınancıal Sustaınabılıty: A Comparatıve Analysıs Of The European and Turkısh Leagues

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the economic structure of the football industry and the dynamics of financial sustainability through a comparative analysis of European and Turkish leagues. The research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical design and is based on a mixed analysis model that integrates qualitative and quantitative data. During the data collection process, reports published by reliable institutions such as UEFA, FIFA, Deloitte, KPMG, and TFF for the years 2020–2025, as well as academic studies, were examined. The data obtained were evaluated using comparative analysis and content analysis techniques; the revenue structure, debt ratios, and financial sustainability indicators of the football economy were interpreted through thematic classification. The study found that the football industry shows a steady growth trend on a global scale; however, inequalities in income distribution and debt ratios threaten financial sustainability. It was determined that revenues in Europe's “Big Five Leagues” are evenly distributed among broadcasting, commercial, and match-day revenues, while approximately 70% of revenues in the Turkish Super League are based on broadcasting rights. This situation shows that Turkish football has a fragile structure in terms of revenue diversity. Furthermore, it was determined that the four major clubs (Galatasaray, Fenerbahçe, Beşiktaş, Trabzonspor) experience financial discipline issues due to high debt ratios, and that short-term sporting successes overshadow long-term economic stability. However, it was also determined that football contributes directly to tourism, employment, and public finances; but that lasting economic benefits require sustainable management and strategic planning. This study reveals that financial stability in the Turkish Super League can be strengthened by increasing revenue diversity, developing digital revenue channels, and institutionalizing transparent management principles. Effective budget control and financial discipline practices in European football form the fundamental reference for a sustainable economic model for Turkish football.